Topic 1.3 — Expressions and Output

Output: print vs println

• System.out.print(x) displays x and stays on the same line.
• System.out.println(x) displays x and then moves to a new line.

Example:

System.out.print("Hi ");
System.out.println("there");
System.out.print("!");

Output appears as: Hi there on one line, then ! on the next line.

String literals + escape sequences

A string literal is a sequence of characters inside double quotes.

Escape sequences you need:

• \" (double quote)
• \\ (backslash)
• \n (newline)

Examples:

System.out.println("She said, \"hi\".");
System.out.println("C:\\Users\\me");
System.out.print("Line1\nLine2");

Arithmetic expressions

Arithmetic expressions combine numbers/variables with operators. In this topic, the results are int or double.

Operators:

+  -  *  /  %

• If both operands are int, the result is an int.
• If at least one operand is double, the result is a double.

Division + remainder rules

• int ÷ int → integer portion only (truncates).
• double involved → decimal allowed.
• a % b is the remainder when a is divided by b.

Examples:

System.out.println(7 / 2);     // 3
System.out.println(7 / 2.0);   // 3.5
System.out.println(7 % 2);     // 1
System.out.println(2 % 3);     // 2

Operator precedence

• *, /, % happen before +, -.
• Same-precedence operators evaluate left-to-right.
• Parentheses change grouping.

Example:

System.out.println(2 + 3 * 4);     // 14
System.out.println((2 + 3) * 4);   // 20